All news in category "Incidents and Data Breaches"

Russian Hackers Hide Malware in Hyper‑V Alpine Linux VMs

🛡️The Russian-linked threat group Curly COMrades abused Microsoft Hyper-V on Windows hosts to deploy a hidden, minimal Alpine Linux VM that hosted custom implants: CurlyShell (reverse shell) and CurlCat (reverse proxy). By using the Hyper-V Default Switch and naming the VM "WSL," outbound C2 traffic appeared to originate from the legitimate host IP, enabling evasion of host-based EDRs. The campaign — active since mid-2024 and observed by Bitdefender with help from the Georgian CERT — also employed PowerShell scripts for LSASS Kerberos ticket injection and Group Policy-based account creation, leaving few forensic traces. Organizations are advised to monitor unexpected Hyper-V activation, abnormal LSASS access or tampering, PowerShell GPO deployments, and to implement network-level inspection and layered defenses.

DragonForce Emerges as Conti-Derived Ransomware Cartel

🛡️DragonForce, a ransomware operation built from leaked Conti source code, has restructured into a self-styled cartel that recruits affiliates and encourages branded variants. Researchers at Acronis report it retains Conti’s ChaCha20/RSA encryption, SMB-based network spreading, and multiple encryption modes while employing a hidden configuration system. Operators have pursued aggressive tactics — including defacing rival leak sites and aligning with access brokers like Scattered Spider — and have threatened victims with decryptor deletion and data leaks.

Cybersecurity Experts Charged Over BlackCat Ransomware

🔒 Three cybersecurity professionals have been indicted for allegedly operating an ALPHV/BlackCat ransomware affiliate network that attacked at least five U.S. companies between May and November 2023. Prosecutors named former Sygnia incident response manager Ryan Clifford Goldberg and negotiator Kevin Tyler Martin of DigitalMint, accusing them of exfiltrating data, encrypting systems, and demanding cryptocurrency extortion payments. An FBI affidavit describes encrypted dark‑web negotiations, multi‑hop transfers using privacy coins such as Monero, and meticulous spreadsheets that tracked ransoms, receipts, and wallet addresses. Charges include conspiracy to extort and intentional damage to protected computers, with potential forfeiture of crypto assets.

Louvre's Outdated Windows Systems Highlighted After Burglary

🏛 The Louvre has struggled for more than a decade with outdated software and unsupported Windows systems that control critical security infrastructure, French reports say. Audits in 2014 and 2017 found workstations running Windows 2000 and Windows XP, along with a video server still on Windows Server 2003 and weak, hard-coded passwords on surveillance applications. Procurement records also list multiple Thales systems as "software that cannot be updated." Authorities ordered governance and security reforms after a recent jewelry theft, though there is no indication the IT issues directly enabled that burglary.

Cybercriminals Increasingly Target Online Payroll Systems

🔒 Microsoft warns of an emerging scam targeting online payroll systems, in which attackers use social engineering to steal employee and administrator credentials. Those credentials are abused to reroute direct deposits into attacker-controlled accounts, and fraudsters may take extra steps such as changing contact details or suppressing notifications to delay detection. The advisory highlights how moving payroll online creates new avenues for account takeover and financial fraud, and urges employers and vendors to strengthen authentication, monitoring, and verification processes.

SesameOp Backdoor Abuses OpenAI Assistants API for C2

🛡️ Researchers at Microsoft disclosed a previously undocumented backdoor, dubbed SesameOp, that abuses the OpenAI Assistants API to relay commands and exfiltrate results. The attack chain uses .NET AppDomainManager injection to load obfuscated libraries (loader "Netapi64.dll") into developer tools and relies on a hard-coded API key to pull payloads from assistant descriptions. Because traffic goes to api.openai.com, the campaign evaded traditional C2 detection. Microsoft Defender detections and account key revocation were used to disrupt the operation.

Operation SkyCloak: Tor-Enabled Backdoor Targets Defense

🔒 Attackers are deploying a persistent backdoor using OpenSSH and a customized Tor hidden service to target defense-related organizations in Russia and Belarus. The Operation SkyCloak campaign uses weaponized ZIP attachments and LNK-triggered PowerShell stagers that perform sandbox evasion and write an .onion hostname into the user's roaming profile. Persistence is established via scheduled tasks that run a renamed sshd.exe and a bespoke Tor binary using obfs4, enabling SSH, SFTP, RDP and SMB access over Tor.

Balancer DeFi Protocol Loses Over $120M in Cyber Heist

🔐 Balancer, an Ethereum automated market maker, has been hit by a sophisticated exploit of its V2 Composable Stable Pools, with estimated losses exceeding $120 million. The team says pools that could be paused have been placed into recovery mode while it works with leading security researchers to investigate. Early analysis suggests a 'rounding down' precision loss in the Balancer Vault calculations was exploited and amplified via the batchSwap function. Balancer confirmed V3 pools were not affected and warned users about related phishing scams.

Rhysida Ransomware Abuses Microsoft Code-Signing Trust

🔒Rhysida, a known enterprise-focused ransomware gang, is distributing malware via malvertising on Microsoft's Bing that redirects users to fake download pages for common tools such as Microsoft Teams, PuTTY, and Zoom. Victims who download receive an initial access trojan called OysterLoader, which establishes a persistent backdoor and is signed with Microsoft-like certificates to appear legitimate. The campaign pairs obfuscation/packing to lower static detection with trusted code signing to bypass allow-lists and AV. Experts urge behavior-based EDR, certificate pinning, DNS filtering, and tighter certificate oversight.

U.S. Prosecutors Indict Three Over BlackCat Ransomware

🔒 Federal prosecutors have indicted three U.S. nationals accused of using BlackCat (ALPHV) ransomware to breach five companies between May and November 2023 and extort payments. The defendants—Ryan Clifford Goldberg, Kevin Tyler Martin, and an unnamed co‑conspirator—allegedly targeted firms in medical devices, pharmaceuticals, clinical care, engineering, and drone manufacturing. Two were employed by cybersecurity firms at the time; both employers say they cooperated with investigators.

Microsoft Detects SesameOp Backdoor Using OpenAI API

🔒 Microsoft’s Detection and Response Team (DART) detailed a novel .NET backdoor called SesameOp that leverages the OpenAI Assistants API as a covert command-and-control channel. Discovered in July 2025 during a prolonged intrusion, the implant uses a loader (Netapi64.dll) and an OpenAIAgent.Netapi64 component to fetch encrypted commands and return execution results via the API. The DLL is heavily obfuscated with Eazfuscator.NET and is injected at runtime using .NET AppDomainManager injection for stealth and persistence.

Balancer V2 Exploit Drains Over $120 Million in Crypto

🚨 Balancer announced an exploit of its V2 Compostable Stable Pools on Ethereum at 07:48 UTC that resulted in reported losses exceeding $128 million. Initial analysis from GoPlus Security points to a precision rounding error in the Vault’s swap calculations that an attacker chained via batchSwap, while other researchers suggest improper authorization and callback handling in V2 vaults. Balancer says the issue is isolated to V2 Compostable Stable Pools, with V3 and other pools unaffected, and the team is working with security researchers on a full post‑mortem. Users are warned to remain vigilant for scams and phishing attempts following the incident.

Fake Solidity VSCode Extension on Open VSX Backdoors

🛡️ A remote-access trojan named SleepyDuck, disguised as a Solidity extension on Open VSX, uses an Ethereum smart contract to deliver command-and-control instructions. The malicious package, downloaded over 53,000 times, activates on editor startup, when a Solidity file is opened, or when the compile command is run. On activation it collects system identifiers, creates a lock file for persistence, and polls an on-chain contract to update or replace its C2 endpoint. Open VSX has flagged the package and implemented security controls; developers should rely only on reputable publishers and official repositories.

Malicious VSX Extension 'SleepyDuck' Uses Ethereum

🦆 Researchers at Secure Annex warned of a malicious Open VSX extension, juan-bianco.solidity-vlang, that delivers a remote access trojan dubbed SleepyDuck. Originally published as a benign library on October 31, 2025, it was updated to a malicious release after reaching about 14,000 downloads. The extension triggers on opening a code editor window or selecting a .sol file, harvesting host details and polling an Ethereum-based contract to obtain and update its command server. It also contains fallback logic using multiple Ethereum RPC providers to recover C2 information if the domain is taken down; users should only install extensions from trusted publishers and follow vendor guidance.

Ex-Incident Response Staff Indicted for BlackCat Attacks

🔒 Three former incident response employees from DigitalMint and Sygnia have been indicted for allegedly carrying out ALPHV/BlackCat ransomware attacks on five U.S. companies between May and November 2023. Prosecutors say the defendants accessed networks, exfiltrated data, deployed encryption malware, and demanded ransoms ranging from $300,000 to $10 million, with one victim paying $1.27 million. Two named defendants face federal extortion and computer-damage charges that carry up to 20 and 10 years in prison respectively.

SesameOp backdoor abuses OpenAI Assistants API for C2

🛡️ Microsoft DART researchers uncovered SesameOp, a novel .NET backdoor that leverages the OpenAI Assistants API as a covert command-and-control (C2) channel instead of traditional infrastructure. The implant includes a heavily obfuscated loader (Netapi64.dll) and a backdoor (OpenAIAgent.Netapi64) that persist via .NET AppDomainManager injection, using layered RSA/AES encryption and GZIP compression to fetch, execute, and exfiltrate commands. Microsoft and OpenAI investigated jointly and disabled the suspected API key; detections and mitigation guidance are provided for defenders.

Hackers Use RMM Tools to Breach Freighters and Steal Cargo

🚨 Threat actors are targeting freight brokers and carriers with malicious emails and compromised load-board posts to deliver remote monitoring and management tools (RMM) such as ScreenConnect, NetSupport, and PDQ Connect. Once installed, attackers gain remote control to alter bookings, block notifications, harvest credentials, and impersonate carriers to reroute and physically steal high-value shipments. Proofpoint tracked dozens of campaigns since January, primarily in North America, exploiting social engineering and legitimate RMM functionality.

Cybercriminals Use RMM Tools to Enable Cargo Theft

🚚 Proofpoint researchers report that cybercriminals are compromising transportation firms to facilitate physical cargo theft by abusing remote management and access tools. Attackers use social engineering — including fake load-board listings, email thread hijacking and targeted phishing — to deliver installers that deploy RMM and RAS utilities. Once inside, they perform reconnaissance, harvest credentials with tools such as WebBrowserPassView, and expand access, enabling organized-crime partners to bid on and steal shipments.

Cybercriminals Exploit RMM Tools to Steal Truck Cargo

🚚 Proofpoint warns that cybercriminals are increasingly deploying legitimate remote monitoring and management tools to compromise trucking and logistics firms, enabling cargo theft and financial gain. Working with organized crime, they target asset-based carriers, brokers and integrated providers—especially food and beverage shipments—using compromised emails, fraudulent load-board listings and booby-trapped MSI/EXE installers to deliver ScreenConnect, SimpleHelp and other RMMs. Once inside, attackers conduct reconnaissance, harvest credentials with tools like WebBrowserPassView, delete bookings, block dispatcher alerts and reassign loads to facilitate physical theft, often selling stolen cargo online or overseas.

Rhysida Ransomware Uses Microsoft Signing to Evade Defenses

🛡️ Rhysida ransomware operators have shifted to malvertising and the abuse of Microsoft Trusted Signing certificates to slip malware past defenses. By buying Bing search ads that point to convincing fake download pages for Microsoft Teams, PuTTY and Zoom, they deliver initial access tools such as OysterLoader (formerly Broomstick/CleanUpLoader) and Latrodectus. Signed, packaged binaries evade static detection and often run without scrutiny on Windows endpoints.