All news in category “Security Advisory and Patch Watch”

⚠️A critical vulnerability (CVE-2026-25049, CVSS 9.4) in the n8n workflow automation platform can allow authenticated users with workflow edit rights to execute arbitrary system commands by abusing expression evaluation. The flaw bypasses prior fixes for CVE-2025-68613 and can be triggered by crafted expressions — including a single-line JavaScript destructuring payload — that escape the expression sandbox. Affected releases are <1.123.17 (fixed in 1.123.17) and <2.5.2 (fixed in 2.5.2). Operators should apply the updates immediately or, if patching is not possible, restrict workflow creation to trusted users and harden host and network privileges.

⚠️ Researchers at Datadog Security Labs report threat actors are exploiting the React2Shell vulnerability (CVE-2025-55182) in React 19 to execute code on servers and then target NGINX instances managed with Boato Panel, focusing on several Asian TLDs and Chinese hosting. Attackers use automated, multi-stage toolkits to discover targets, persist, and write malicious NGINX configs that redirect traffic for cryptomining, credential phishing, or malware delivery. Defenses include prompt patching, locking down configuration files, maintaining configuration records, and monitoring NGINX advisories.

🔒 Multiple critical vulnerabilities in the open-source workflow platform n8n (tracked as CVE-2026-25049) allow any authenticated user who can create or edit workflows to escape sandboxing and execute arbitrary code on the host server. Independent researchers at Pillar Security, Endor Labs and SecureLayer7 identified sanitization and AST-sandboxing bypasses — including a type-confusion issue and Function-constructor exploits — enabling access to Node.js globals, the filesystem, credentials and connected cloud accounts. n8n released fixes (notably 2.4.0, later 2.5.2 and 1.123.17) and recommends immediate patching, rotating the N8N_ENCRYPTION_KEY and stored credentials, and limiting workflow creation until environments are hardened.

🔒 CISA confirmed ransomware gangs are exploiting a high-severity VMware ESXi sandbox escape (CVE-2025-22225) patched by Broadcom in March 2025 alongside related fixes. The vulnerability permits an attacker with privileges in the VMX process to trigger an arbitrary kernel write and escape the virtual machine sandbox. Organizations are urged to apply vendor mitigations, follow BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue affected products if mitigations are unavailable.

⚠️ CISA has ordered federal agencies to patch a five-year-old GitLab SSRF vulnerability (CVE-2021-39935) that is currently being exploited in attacks. GitLab issued a fix for the server-side request forgery bug in December 2021 after it was found that unauthenticated users could reach the CI Lint API when user registration was restricted. Under BOD 22-01, affected Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies must remediate by February 24, 2026, and CISA urges all organizations to prioritize mitigation. Shodan currently identifies over 49,000 internet-exposed GitLab instances, many reachable on default ports.

🔒 Pillar Security identified two maximum-severity sandbox escape vulnerabilities in the n8n workflow automation platform that allow any authenticated user to gain full server control and exfiltrate stored credentials (API keys, cloud keys, database passwords and OAuth tokens) on both self-hosted and cloud instances. The first flaw was patched by n8n, but researchers found a bypass within 24 hours, prompting the vendor to release n8n v2.4.0 in January 2026. Immediate mitigation steps include upgrading to 2.4.0, rotating the n8n encryption key and all stored credentials, auditing workflows for suspicious expressions and monitoring AI-related outbound activity.

⚠️ The US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) has added CVE-2025-40551 — a critical remote code execution flaw in SolarWinds Web Help Desk — to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog after reports of active exploitation. The vendor patched multiple high-severity bugs on January 28 and assigned CVSS scores of 9.8. Administrators are urged to apply the vendor update to Web Help Desk 2026.1 immediately to mitigate unauthenticated deserialization and authentication-bypass risks.

⚠ CISA has added a critical SolarWinds Web Help Desk vulnerability, CVE-2025-40551, to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog and flagged it as actively exploited. The flaw is an untrusted data deserialization vulnerability that can enable remote code execution without authentication, allowing attackers to run commands on affected hosts. SolarWinds released patches in WHD version 2026.1 that also address several related high-severity CVEs. Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies are required to remediate this flaw under BOD 22-01, with a February 6, 2026, deadline.

🔒 CISA has flagged a critical SolarWinds Web Help Desk vulnerability (CVE-2025-40551) as actively exploited and ordered federal agencies to patch within three days under BOD 22-01. The flaw is an untrusted data deserialization weakness that can enable unauthenticated remote command execution; SolarWinds released Web Help Desk 2026.1 on January 28 to address it. Administrators are urged to apply the patch immediately and verify affected systems.

🛡️ Researchers disclosed a critical prompt-injection flaw, codenamed DockerDash, that allowed malicious Docker image metadata to hijack the Ask Gordon AI assistant in Docker Desktop and the Docker CLI. The vulnerability, discovered by Noma Labs, could enable remote code execution or sensitive data exfiltration by treating unverified LABEL fields as executable instructions. Docker fixed the issue in Ask Gordon version 4.50.0 (November 2025). Administrators should upgrade and apply zero-trust validation to AI toolchains and MCP/Gateway integrations.

🔒 A SQL injection vulnerability in the Quiz and Survey Master (QSM) WordPress plugin affected more than 40,000 sites running versions 10.3.1 and earlier. The flaw allowed any logged-in user with Subscriber-level privileges or higher to supply crafted input to a REST API parameter named is_linking, which was concatenated into a database query without sanitisation. Patchstack credited Doan Dinh Van for the report and QSM released version 10.3.2 to enforce integer casting (intval) and mitigate the issue; the defect is tracked as CVE-2025-67987. There is no public evidence of active exploitation, but the bug underscores risks from trusting request data and the need for prepared statements.

⚠️ Noma Labs disclosed a critical vulnerability, dubbed DockerDash, in Docker's Ask Gordon AI assistant that allows unverified image metadata to be treated as executable instructions. The flaw exploits a trust failure in the Model Context Protocol (MCP) gateway: Ask Gordon reads Docker LABEL metadata, forwards the interpreted content to MCP, and MCP tools execute it without validation. Depending on deployment this can enable remote code execution (cloud/CLI) or large-scale data exfiltration and reconnaissance in Docker Desktop. Docker issued mitigations in Docker Desktop 4.50.0 and users are urged to upgrade.

🚨 Researchers report attackers are exploiting CVE-2025-11953 in the React Native Metro server to deliver malicious, cross-platform payloads to developer machines. The vulnerability stems from the /open-url endpoint accepting POST data that is passed unsanitized to the system open() call, enabling command execution on Windows and arbitrary executable launches on Unix-like hosts. JFrog disclosed the flaw in early November and it was fixed in @react-native-community/cli-server-api 20.0.0 and later, but active exploitation tracked as 'Metro4Shell' has been observed delivering base64-encoded payloads for both Windows and Linux.

🔒 VulnCheck observed active exploitation of CVE-2025-11953 (Metro4Shell), a critical RCE in the @react-native-community/cli Metro Development Server first seen on December 21, 2025. With a CVSS score of 9.8, the flaw enables unauthenticated remote command execution and was weaponized to deliver a Base64-encoded PowerShell loader that adds Microsoft Defender exclusions. The loader opens a raw TCP channel to 8.218.43.248:60124 to fetch and execute a Rust-based binary with anti-analysis checks; VulnCheck links the activity to multiple attacker IPs and describes it as operational exploitation.

🛡️ Avation's Light Engine Pro devices expose configuration and control interfaces without authentication, tracked as CVE-2026-1341. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to take full control of affected units. Avation has not responded to CISA's coordination request; users should contact the vendor and apply mitigations such as isolating devices from the internet, placing them behind firewalls, and using VPNs for remote access. CISA reports no public exploitation to date.

⚠️ A high-severity vulnerability (CVE-2025-10314) affects Mitsubishi Electric FREQSHIP-mini for Windows versions 8.0.0 through 8.0.2 due to incorrect default permissions. A local attacker with write access to the installation directory could replace service executables or DLLs and execute code with SYSTEM privileges, potentially modifying or destroying data or causing denial of service. Mitsubishi released version 8.1.0 to address the issue; administrators should install the update and apply vendor mitigations, limit remote access, and maintain endpoint protections.

🔒 The Synectix LAN 232 TRIO 3‑port serial-to-Ethernet adapter exposes its web management interface without requiring authentication, enabling unauthenticated actors to modify critical device settings or perform a factory reset. Tracked as CVE-2026-1633 and rated CVSS v3.1 10.0 (Critical), the product is end-of-life and Synectix is no longer in business, so firmware fixes are unavailable. CISA recommends minimizing network exposure, isolating control networks behind firewalls, and using up-to-date VPNs or other secure remote-access methods while operators pursue replacement or isolation of affected units.

🔒 CISA has added four vulnerabilities to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) Catalog: CVE-2019-19006 (Sangoma FreePBX improper authentication), CVE-2021-39935 (GitLab SSRF), CVE-2025-40551 (SolarWinds Web Help Desk deserialization), and CVE-2025-64328 (Sangoma FreePBX OS command injection). Evidence indicates active exploitation and these issues pose significant risk to the federal enterprise. Under BOD 22-01, Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies must remediate KEV items by required deadlines. CISA strongly urges all organizations to prioritize timely remediation and will continue updating the catalog.

⚠️ MOMA Seismic Station versions v2.4.2520 and earlier expose the device web management interface without requiring authentication, enabling unauthenticated actors to modify configuration, retrieve device data, or remotely reset the device. The vulnerability is tracked as CVE-2026-1632 and classified as Missing Authentication for Critical Function (CWE-306). CISA assigns a CRITICAL severity (CVSS v3.1 Base Score 9.1) and notes that RISS SRL did not provide a vendor-supplied patch in the advisory.

🛡️ Ukraine's CERT warns that Russian state-linked actor APT28 is exploiting the recently patched CVE-2026-21509 in Microsoft Office. Malicious DOC files were observed days after Microsoft's emergency out-of-band update on Jan 26 and deploy a WebDAV download chain, COM hijacking, a malicious DLL (EhStoreShell.dll), shellcode hidden in an image (SplashScreen.png), and a scheduled task named OneDriveHealth. The chain results in the launch of the COVENANT framework, which uses the Filen cloud storage service for command-and-control. Organizations are advised to apply Microsoft's updates for affected Office versions, ensure application restarts where required, and consider blocking or monitoring Filen-related traffic.