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Measuring TCP Connection Characteristics at Scale Globally

📊 Cloudflare shares aggregate measurements of TCP connections observed across its global CDN from a uniformly sampled 1% snapshot (Oct 7–15, 2025). The dataset records socket-level metadata via TCP_INFO, SNI, and request counts, limited to gracefully closed connections with at least one HTTP request. Results highlight strong heavy-tailed behavior: most connections are short and small while a minority carry massive volumes, and HTTP/2 shows higher reuse and larger responses than HTTP/1.x.